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Joomla-based website with PostgreSQL

To set up a static website on Joomla:

  1. Create a VM for Joomla
  2. Create a PostgreSQL DB cluster
  3. Install Joomla and additional components
  4. Configure Apache2 web server
  5. Configure Joomla
  6. Upload the website files
  7. Configure DNS

Before you start

Before creating a VM and a DB cluster:

  1. Go to the Yandex.Cloud management console and select the folder where you want to perform the operations.
  2. Make sure the selected folder has a network with subnets in the availability zones ru-cental1-a, ru-central1-b, and ru-central1-c. To do this, click the Virtual Private Cloud tile on the folder page. If the list contains a network, click on its name to see the list of subnets. If the subnets or network you need are not listed, create them.

1. Create a VM for Joomla

To create a VM:

  1. On the folder page of the management console, click Create resource and select Virtual machine.

  2. In the Name field, enter the VM name: joomla-pg-tutorial-web.

  3. Select the availability zone to locate the VM in.

  4. Select the Ubuntu or CentOS public image.

  5. In the Computing resources section:

    • Choose the platform.
    • Specify the required amount of vCPUs and RAM.

    The minimum configuration is enough for functional testing:

    • Platform: Intel Cascade Lake.
    • Guaranteed vCPU share: 5%.
    • vCPU: 2.
    • RAM: 1 GB.

  6. In the Network settings section, select the subnet to connect the VM to when creating it.

  7. Specify data required for accessing the VM.

    • Enter the username in the Login field.
    • In the SSH key field, paste the contents of the public key file. You need to create a key pair for SSH connection yourself. To generate keys, use third-party tools, such as ssh-keygen utilities on Linux and macOS or PuTTYgen on Windows.

  8. Click Create VM.

Creating the VM may take several minutes.

When a VM is created, it is assigned an IP address and hostname (FQDN). This data can be used for SSH access.

2. Create a PostgreSQL DB cluster

  1. On the folder page, click Create resource and select PostgreSQL cluster.
  2. In the Name field, enter the cluster name: joomla-pg-tutorial-db-cluster.
  3. In the DB class section, select s1.nano.
  4. In the Storage size section, enter 10 GB.
  5. In the Database section:
  6. In the DB name field, enter joomla-pg-tutorial-db.
  7. In the Username field, enter joomla.
  8. In the Password field, enter the password you will use to access the DB.
  9. In the Network list, select the network your VM is connected to.
  10. In the Hosts section, add two more hosts in the other availability zones. When creating hosts, do not enable Public access to them.
  11. Click Create cluster.

Creating the DB cluster may take several minutes.

3. Install Joomla and additional components

After the joomla-pg-tutorial-web VM's status changes to RUNNING, do the following:

  1. Go to the VM page of the management console. In the Network section, find the VM's public IP address.

  2. Connect to the VM over SSH. You can use the ssh tool on Linux and macOS and PuTTY for Windows.

    The recommended authentication method when connecting over SSH is using a key pair. Don't forget to set up the created key pair: the private key must match the public key sent to the VM.

  3. Download and unpack the Joomla archive:

    $ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/
$ curl https://downloads.joomla.org/cms/joomla3/3-8-7/Joomla_3-8-7-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz?format=gz -o Joomla_3-8-7-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz -L
$ sudo mv Joomla_3-8-7-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz /var/www/html/
$ (cd /var/www/html/ && sudo tar -zxvf Joomla_3-8-7-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz)
$ sudo rm /var/www/html/Joomla_3-8-7-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz
$ sudo mv /var/www/html/htaccess.txt /var/www/html/.htaccess

  4. Install additional components:

    $ echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
$ wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -q -y install php5-pgsql php5-curl php5-json php5-cgi php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mcrypt apache2 php5-common cron debconf-utils sendmail unzip iptables postgresql-client-10
$ sudo mkdir ~www-data/.postgresql
$ sudo wget "https://crls.yandex.net/allCLCAs.pem" -O ~www-data/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chmod 0600 ~www-data/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data ~www-data/.postgresql

    $ echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
$ wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -q -y install php7.0-pgsql php7.0-curl php7.0-json php7.0-cgi php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0-mcrypt apache2 php-mail php7.0-common cron debconf-utils sendmail unzip iptables composer postgresql-client-10
$ sudo mkdir ~www-data/.postgresql
$ sudo wget "https://crls.yandex.net/allCLCAs.pem" -O ~www-data/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chmod 0600 ~www-data/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data ~www-data/.postgresql

    $ echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
$ wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -q -y install php7.2-pgsql php7.2-curl php7.2-json php7.2-cgi php7.2 libapache2-mod-php7.2 apache2 php-mail php7.2-common cron debconf-utils sendmail unzip iptables composer postgresql-client-10
$ sudo mkdir ~www-data/.postgresql
$ sudo wget "https://crls.yandex.net/allCLCAs.pem" -O ~www-data/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chmod 0600 ~www-data/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data ~www-data/.postgresql

    $ sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm
$ sudo yum -y install http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
$ sudo yum check-update
$ sudo yum -y install --enablerepo remi-php72 httpd php php-pgsql php php-common php-mbstring php-zip php-xml nano wget postgresql10
$ sudo mkdir ~apache/.postgresql
$ sudo wget "https://crls.yandex.net/allCLCAs.pem" -O ~apache/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chmod 0600 ~apache/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chown -R apache:apache ~apache/.postgresql

    $ sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm
$ sudo yum -y install http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
$ sudo yum check-update
$ sudo yum -y install --enablerepo remi-php72 httpd php php-pgsql php php-common php-mbstring php-zip php-xml nano wget postgresql10
$ sudo mkdir ~apache/.postgresql
$ sudo wget "https://crls.yandex.net/allCLCAs.pem" -O ~apache/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chmod 0600 ~apache/.postgresql/root.crt
$ sudo chown -R apache:apache ~apache/.postgresql

4. Configure Apache2 web server

  1. Perform the basic configuration of Apache2:

    $ sudo a2enmod php5
$ sudo a2dismod mpm_event
$ sudo a2enmod mpm_prefork
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite
$ sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/html/

    $ sudo a2enmod php7.0
$ sudo a2dismod mpm_event
$ sudo a2enmod mpm_prefork
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite
$ sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/html/

    $ sudo a2enmod php7.2
$ sudo a2dismod mpm_event
$ sudo a2enmod mpm_prefork
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite
$ sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/html/

    $ sudo chown -R apache /var/www/html/

  2. Specify the virtual host settings in the Apache2 configuration file. You can edit the file using the nano editor:

    $ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

    $ sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/joomla.conf

    Make the file look like:

    <VirtualHost *:80 [::]:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html/

        <Directory /var/www/html/>
                DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
                DirectorySlash off
                RewriteEngine on
                RewriteBase /
                AllowOverride all
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

  3. Restart the web server:

    $ sudo service apache2 restart

    $ sudo service httpd restart

  4. This step should only be performed on a VM running CentOS.

    Change SELinux settings:

    $ sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t "/var/www/html(/.*)?"
$ sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t "/var/www/html(/.*)?"
$ sudo restorecon -R /var/www/html
$ setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1

  5. This step should only be performed on a VM running CentOS 6.

    Open network ports 80 and 443 using the iptables utility:

    $ sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables-save | sudo tee /etc/sysconfig/iptables

To check privacy Joomla may require to delete a test file. Open the /var/www/html/installation directory on your VM and delete a file.

5. Configure Joomla

Configure Joomla following the instructions on the project website. During the configuration process, you'll need the DB connection settings. To get the parameters and configure them correctly, do the following:

  1. Get the addresses of the DB cluster hosts in the management console:

    1. Open the folder where the DB cluster was created.
    2. Click on Managed Service for PostgreSQL.
    3. Select the cluster joomla-pg-tutorial-db-cluster.
    4. Open the Hosts tab.
    5. In the Address (domain name) column, find the host addresses.

  2. At the Database step, fill in the following fields in the Joomla web installer:

    • DB type: PostgreSQL.
    • DB server name: 
      <address of host 1>,<address of host 2>,<address of host 3> port=6432 sslmode=verify-full target_session_attrs=read-write
    • Username:joomla.
    • Password: enter the DB user's password.
    • DB name: joomla-pg-tutorial-db.

6. Upload the website files

  1. You can learn the IP address of the VM under Network on the VM page in the management console.

  2. Connect to the VM over SSH.

  3. Grant your user write access to the directory /var/www/html:

    $ sudo chown -R "$USER":www-data /var/www/html

    $ sudo chown -R "$USER":apache /var/www/html

  4. Upload the website files to the VM over SCP.

    Use the scp command-line utility:

    $ scp -r <path to the file directory> <VM user name>@<VM IP address>:/var/www/html

    Use the WinSCP program to copy the local file directory to the /var/www/html directory on the VM.

7. Configure DNS

The domain name that you want to use for your website must be associated with the created joomla-pg-tutorial-web VM.

The instructions below describe how to configure an external DNS service using reg.ru for the www.example.com and example.com domain names:

  • An A record allows you to map the example.com domain name to its IP address.
  • A CNAME (Canonical Name) record for www allows you to access your website via www.example.ru.

To configure the external DNS service, do the following:

  1. You can learn the IP address of the VM under Network on the VM page in the management console.
  2. Log in to the control panel of the external DNS service. Go to the list of your domains and click on the required domain name.
  3. Follow the Zone management link in the Domain management section.
  4. Create or edit an A record:
    • IP Address: your VM's public IP address.
    • Subdomain: @ (points to the main domain).
  5. Create a CNAME record with the following field values:
    • Subdomain: www.
    • Canonical name: @ or the example.com. domain with a dot at the end.
  6. Wait 15-20 minutes for DNS record changes to take effect. The waiting time may differ for your DNS service.