List of supported SSML phonemes
Languages that support SSML phonemes (tag <phoneme>
):
- Russian (
ru-RU
) - English, American (
en-US
) - Turkish (
tr-TR
)
Russian
List of phonemes supported in Russian (ru-RU
). More about Russian phonology.
IPA | X-SAMPA | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
Consonants | |||
b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | рыба [rɨbə] |
bʲ | b' | palatalized voiced bilabial plosive | бюро [bʲʊro] |
d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | дом [dom] |
dʲ | d' | palatalized voiced alveolar plosive | дядя [dʲadʲə] |
f | f | voiceless labiodental fricative | форт [fort] |
fʲ | f' | palatalized voiceless labiodental fricative | финал [fʲɪnal] |
g | g | voiced velar plosive | гол [gol] |
ɡʲ | g' | palatalized voiced velar plosive | герой [ɡʲɪroj] |
j | j | palatal approximant | я [ja], дизайн [dʲzajn] |
k | k | voiceless velar plosive | кот [kot], ку [ku] |
kʲ | k' | palatalized voiceless velar plosive | кино [kʲɪno], кю [kʲu] |
l | l | alveolar lateral approximant | луч [lʊt͡ɕ] |
lʲ | l' | palatalized alveolar lateral approximant | лес [lʲes] |
m | m | bilabial nasal | мама [mamə] |
mʲ | m' | palatalized bilabial nasal | меч [mʲet͡ɕ] |
n | n | alveolar nasal | нос [nos] |
nʲ | n' | palatalized alveolar nasal | няня [nʲanʲə] |
p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | папа [papə] |
pʲ | p' | palatalized voiceless bilabial plosive | пена [pʲenə] |
r | r | alveolar trill | рок [rok] |
rʲ | r' | palatalized alveolar trill | рис [rʲis] |
s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | суд [sʊd] |
sʲ | s' | palatalized voiceless alveolar fricative | сено [sʲenə], русь [rʊsʲ] |
ɕ: | s: | long voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | щит [ɕ:it] |
ʂ | s` | voiceless retroflex fricative | шест [ʂest] |
t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | танк [tank] |
tʲ | t' | palatalized voiceless alveolar plosive | тётя [tʲotʲə] |
t͡s | ts | voiceless alveolar affricate | царь [t͡sarʲ] |
t͡ɕ | ts\ | voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate | чуть [t͡ɕʉtʲ] |
v | v | voiced labiodental fricative | вон [von] |
vʲ | v' | palatalized voiced labiodental fricative | весы [vʲɪsɨ] |
x | x | voiceless velar fricative | хор [xor] |
xʲ | x' | palatalized voiceless velar fricative | химия [xʲimʲə] |
z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | зуб [zub] |
zʲ | z' | palatalized voiced alveolar fricative | зима [zʲɪma] |
ʑ: | z: | long voiced alveolo-palatal fricative | езжу [jeʑːʊ], вожжи [voʑ:ɨ̞] |
ʐ | z` | voiced retroflex fricative | жена [ʐɨ̞na] |
Vowels | |||
ə | @ | mid central vowel | корова [kɐrovə], молоко [məlɐ′ko] |
a | a | open front unrounded vowel | там [tam], мяч [mʲat͡ɕ], яма [jamə] |
ɐ | 6 | near-open central vowel | каравай [kərɐvaj], голова [gəlɐva] |
e | e | close-mid front unrounded vowel | печь [pʲet͡ɕ] |
ɛ | E | open-mid front unrounded vowel | это [ɛtə] |
i | i | close front unrounded vowel | лист [lʲist] |
ɪ | I | near-close front unrounded vowel | дерево [dʲerʲɪvə] |
ɨ̞ | I\ | near-close central unrounded vowe | жена [ʐɨ̞na] |
ɨ | 1 | close central unrounded vowel | рыло [rɨlə] |
o | o | close-mid back rounded vowel | кот [kot] |
u | u | close back rounded vowel | муж [muʂ], вьюга [vʲugə] |
ʊ | U | near-close back rounded vowel | сухой [sʊxo̞j], мужчина [mʊɕːinə] |
English, American
List of phonemes supported in English, American (en-US
). Learn more about English phonology.
Tip
We recommend always using stress markers in English, otherwise the pronunciation may be incorrect. The stress marker is placed at the beginning of the syllable.
IPA | X-SAMPA | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
Consonants | |||
b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | body [ˈbɑː.di] |
d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | dance [dæns] |
d͡ʒ | dZ | voiced postalveolar affricate | job [ˈd͡ʒɑːb] |
ð | D | voiced dental fricative | them [ðɛm] |
f | f | voiceless labiodental fricative | left [left] |
ɡ | g | voiced velar plosive | goal [ɡoʊl] |
h | h | voiceless glottal fricative | habit [ˈhæb.ɪt] |
j | j | palatal approximant | yet [jɛt] |
k | k | voiceless velar plosive | clear [klɪr] |
l | l | alveolar lateral approximant | list [lɪst] |
m | m | bilabial nasal | smart [smɑːrt] |
n | n | alveolar nasal | name [neɪm] |
ŋ | N | velar nasal | finger [ˈfɪŋ.ɡɚ] |
p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | point [pɔɪnt] |
ɹ | r\ | alveolar approximant | ready [ɹɛd] |
s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | search [sɝːt͡ʃ] |
ʃ | S | voiceless postalveolar fricative | short [ʃɔːrt] |
t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | time [taɪm] |
t͡ʃ | tS | voiceless postalveolar affricate | choose [t͡ʃuːz] |
θ | T | voiceless dental fricative | theme [θiːm] |
v | v | voiced labiodental fricative | vine [vaɪn] |
w | w | labial-velar approximant | wait [weɪt] |
z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | zone [zoʊn] |
ʒ | Z | voiced postalveolar fricative | casual [ˈkæʒ.u.əl] |
Vowels | |||
ə | @ | mid-central vowel | again [əˈɡen] |
ɚ | @` | mid-central r-colored vowel | over [ˈoʊ.vɚ] |
æ | { | near open-front unrounded vowel | apple [ˈæp.əl] |
aɪ | aI | diphthong | ice [aɪs] |
aʊ | aU | diphthong | hour [aʊr] |
ɑ | A | long open-back unrounded vowel | box [bɑːks] |
eɪ | eI | diphthong | cake [keɪk] |
ɝ | 3` | open mid-central unrounded r-colored vowel | early [ˈɝː.li] |
ɛ | E | open mid-front unrounded vowel | end [ɛnd] |
i | i | long close front unrounded vowel | east [iːst] |
ɪ | I | near-close near-front unrounded vowel | gift [ɡɪft] |
oʊ | oU | diphthong | over [ˈoʊ.vɚ] |
ɔ | O | long open mid-back rounded vowel | bought [bɔːt] |
ɔɪ | OI | diphthong | choise [t͡ʃɔɪs] |
u | u | long close-back rounded vowel | move [muːv] |
ʊ | U | near-close near-back rounded vowel | book [bʊk] |
ʌ | V | open-mid-back unrounded vowel | us [ʌs] |
Other | |||
ˈ | " | первичное ударение. (primary stress), ставится в начале слога | Alabama [ˌæləˈbæmə] |
ˌ | % | вторичное ударение (secondary stress), ставится в начале слога | Alabama [ˌæləˈbæmə] |
. | . | точка используется для произношения по слогам (syllable boundary) | A la ba ma [ˌæ.lə.ˈbæ.mə] |
: | : | двоеточие используется для выделения длинных гласных (ɑ, i, ɔ, u, ɚ). Это необязательный символ, в длинных гласных он уже учтен. Например, произношение zu и zuː будет одинаковым. |
zoo [zu:], thought [θɔːt] |
Turkish
List of phonemes supported in Turkish (tr-TR
). More about Turkish phonology.
IPA | X-SAMPA | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
Consonants | |||
ɾ | 4 | alveolar flap | uçurum [ut͡ʃurum] |
ɾ̝̊ | 4_0_r | voiceless fricated alveolar flap | misafir [misafiɾ] |
ɾ̝ | 4_r | fricated alveolar flap | rakip [rakip] |
b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | bakır [bakɯɾ] |
c | c | voiceless palatal plosive | kim [kim] |
d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | demir [dɛmíɾ̝̊] |
d͡ʒ | dZ | voiced postalveolar affricate | canlı [dʒanɫɯ] |
f | f | voiceless labiodental fricative | faranjit [faranʒit] |
g | g | voiced velar plosiv | gol [ɡol] |
h | h | voiceless glottal fricative | hamur [hamuɾ] |
j | j | palatal approximant | yatırım [jät̪ɯɾɯm] |
ɟ | J\ | voiced palatal plosive | genç [ɟent͡ʃ] |
k | k | voiceless velar plosive | akvaryum [ɑkvɑɾjum] |
l | l | alveolar lateral approximant | alev [alev] |
ɫ | 5 | velarized alveolar lateral approximant | kolay [kɔɫaj] |
m | m | bilabial nasal | maşa [maʃa] |
n | n | alveolar nasal | kanal [kanaɫ] |
p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | edep [edep] |
s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | seslendirme [seslendirme] |
ʃ | S | voiceless postalveolar fricative | kaş [kaʃ] |
t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | tükürük [tʏkʏrʏk] |
t͡ʃ | tS | voiceless postalveolar affricate | çorba [t͡ʃoɾbɑ] |
v | v | voiced labiodental fricative | vernik [ʋeɾnik] |
z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | yazlık [jazɫɯk] |
ʒ | Z | voiced postalveolar fricative | joker [ʒɔkɛr] |
Vowels | |||
ø | 2 | close-mid front rounded vowel | kör [køɾ], gözlük [ɟœzlyk] |
œ | 9 | open-mid front rounded vowel | banliyö [bänɫijø] |
a | a | open front unrounded vowel | balık [bɑɫɯk] |
a: | a: | long open front unrounded vowel | veya [vɛjaː] |
æ | { | near-open front unrounded vowel | gözlem [ɟœzlɛm], güven [ɟʏven] |
e | e | close-mid front unrounded vowel | deri [dɛri] |
ɛ | E | open-mid front unrounded vowel | dede [dede] |
i | i | close front unrounded vowel | birlik [biɾ̝̊] |
i: | i: | long close front unrounded vowel | izah [izax] |
ɪ | I | near-close near-front unrounded vowel | keçi [ket͡ʃi] |
ɯ | M | close back unrounded vowel | kıl [kɯɫ] |
o | o | close-mid back rounded vowel | dost [dost] |
o: | o: | long close-mid back rounded vowel | dolma [doɫma] |
u | u | close back rounded vowel | kur [kur] |
u: | u: | long close back rounded vowel | ruhum [ruxum] |
ʊ | U | near-close near-back rounded vowel | dolu [doɫu] |
y | y | close front rounded vowel | gün [ɟyn] |
ʏ | Y | near-close near-front rounded vowel | aşı [ɑʃɯ] |