Get started
Yandex Compute Cloud

Creating a VM from a public Linux image

Written by
,
improved by

    To create a VM:

    1. In the management console, select the folder to create the virtual machine in.

    2. In the list of services, select Compute Cloud.

    3. Click Create VM.

    4. Under Basic parameters:

      • Enter a name and description for the VM. Naming requirements:

        • The length can be from 3 to 63 characters.
        • It may contain lowercase Latin letters, numbers, and hyphens.
        • The first character must be a letter. The last character can't be a hyphen.

        Note

        The VM name is used to generate an internal FQDN only once: when creating a VM. If the internal FQDN is important to you, choose an appropriate name for the VM at the creation stage.

      • Select an availability zone to put your virtual machine in.

    5. Under Image/boot disk selection, select an image and a Linux-based OS version.

    6. (optional) Under Disk and file storage, click the Disks tab and configure a boot disk:

      • Select the disk type.

      • Specify the necessary disk size.

        If you wish to create a virtual machine from an existing disk, under Disks and file storage, add a disk:

        • Click Add disk.
        • Enter the disk name.
        • Select the disk type.
        • Specify the desired block size.
        • Specify the necessary disk size.
        • (optional) Enable the Delete with the VM option if you need to automatically delete the disk when deleting the VM it will be attached to.
        • Select Disk as content.
        • Click Add.

    7. (optional) Under Disks and file storage, click the File storage tab and connect a file store:

      • Click Connect file storage.
      • In the resulting window, select a file store.
      • Enter a device name.
      • Click Connect file storage.

    8. Under Computing resources:

    9. Under Network settings:

      • Enter a subnet ID or select a cloud network from the list.
        If you don't have a network, click Create network to create one:

        • In the window that opens, enter the network name and folder to host the network.
        • (optional) To automatically create subnets, select the Create subnets option.
        • Click Create.
          Each network must have at least one subnet. If there is no subnet, create one by selecting Add subnet.

      • In the Public IP field, choose a method for assigning an IP address:

        • Auto: Assign a random IP address from the Yandex Cloud IP pool. With this, you can enable DDoS protection using the option below.
        • List: Select a public IP address from the list of previously reserved static addresses. For more information, see Making a dynamic public IP address static.
        • No address: Don't assign a public IP address.

      • In the Internal address field, select the method for assigning internal addresses: Auto or Manual.

      • (optional) Create records for the VM in the DNS zone:

        • Expand DNS settings for internal addresses and click Add record.
        • Specify the zone, FQDN, and TTL for the record. When setting the FQDN, you can select Detect automatically for the zone.
          You can add multiple records to internal DNS zones. For more information, see Cloud DNS integration with Compute Cloud.

      • Select appropriate security groups (if there is no corresponding field, the virtual machine will be enabled for all incoming and outgoing traffic).

    10. (optional) To automatically back up your instances using Cloud Backup, under Backup, select the option of connecting an instance to the service.

      The option shows up if you requested access to the service from our technical support and selected a supported operating system for your VM. For more information about setting up a VM, see Connecting Compute Cloud instances to Cloud Backup.

    11. Under Access, specify the data required to access the VM:

      • (optional) Select or create a service account. By using a service account, you can flexibly configure access rights for your resources.

      • Enter the username in the Login field.

        Alert

        Don't use the username root or other names reserved by the operating system. To perform operations that require superuser permissions, use the command sudo.

      • In the SSH key field, paste the contents of the public key file. You need to create a key pair for SSH connection yourself.

      • If required, grant access to the serial console.

    12. (optional) Under Placement, select a VM placement group.

    13. Click Create VM.

    The virtual machine appears in the list. When a VM is created, it is assigned an IP address and hostname (FQDN).

    If you don't have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

    The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

    1. View the description of the CLI command for creating a VM:

      yc compute instance create --help

    2. Prepare the key pair (public and private keys) for SSH access to the VM.

    3. Select a public image Cloud Marketplace based on a Linux OS (for example, CentOS 7).

      To get a list of available images, run the following command:

      yc compute image list --folder-id standard-images

      Result:

      +----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+
|          ID          |                NAME                 |          FAMILY          |     PRODUCT IDS      | STATUS |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+
...
| fdvk34al8k5nltb58shr | centos-7-1549279494                 | centos-7                 | dqni65lfhvv2den5gtv9 | READY  |
| fdv7ooobjfl3ts9gqp0q | windows-2016-gvlk-1548913814        | windows-2016-gvlk        | dqnnc72gj2ist3ktjj1p | READY  |
| fdv4f5kv5cvf3ohu4flt | ubuntu-1604-lts-1549457823          | ubuntu-1604-lts          | dqnnb6dc7640c5i968ro | READY  |
...
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+

    4. Select a subnet:

      yc vpc subnet list

      Result:

      +----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------+
|          ID          |         NAME          |      NETWORK ID      | ROUTE TABLE ID |     ZONE      |      RANGE      |
+----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------+
| b0c6n43f9lgh3695v2k2 | default-ru-central1-c | enpe3m3fa00udao8g5lg |                | ru-central1-c | [10.130.0.0/24] |
| e2l2da8a20b33g7o73bv | default-ru-central1-b | enpe3m3fa00udao8g5lg |                | ru-central1-b | [10.129.0.0/24] |
| e9bnlm18l70ao30pvfaa | default-ru-central1-a | enpe3m3fa00udao8g5lg |                | ru-central1-a | [10.128.0.0/24] |
+----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------+

    5. Create a VM in the default folder:

      yc compute instance create \
  --name first-instance \
  --zone ru-central1-a \
  --network-interface subnet-name=default-ru-central1-a,nat-ip-version=ipv4 \
  --create-boot-disk image-folder-id=standard-images,image-family=centos-7 \
  --ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

      Where:

      • name: VM name.

        Note

        The VM name is used to generate an internal FQDN only once: when creating a VM. If the internal FQDN is important to you, choose an appropriate name for the VM at the creation stage.

      • zone: Availability zone that corresponds to the selected subnet.

      • subnet-name: Name of the selected subnet.

      • image-family: An image family, such as centos-7. This option lets you install the latest version of the operating system from the specified family.

      • nat-ip-version=ipv4: Public IP. To create a VM without a public IP, disable the parameter.

      • ssh-key: Path to the public SSH key. The user yc-user will be automatically created on the VM for this key.

    When a VM is created, it is assigned an IP address and hostname (FQDN). This data can be used for SSH access.

    You can make a public IP address static. For more information, see Making a VM's public IP address static.

    Create a VM using the Create method for the Instance resource:

    1. Prepare the key pair (public and private keys) for SSH access to the VM.

    2. Get an IAM token for authentication in these examples:

    3. Get the ID of the folder.

    4. Get information about the image to create your virtual machine from (image ID and minimum disk size):

      • If you know the image family, get information about the latest image in this family: 
        export IAM_TOKEN=CggaATEVAgA...
export FAMILY=ubuntu-1804
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ${IAM_TOKEN}" \
  "https://compute.api.cloud.yandex.net/compute/v1/images:latestByFamily?folderId=standard-images&family=${FAMILY}"
      • To learn more about the image, see the list of public images.

    5. Get the subnet ID and availability zone ID. Specify the ID of the folder where the subnet was created in your request:

      export IAM_TOKEN=CggaATEVAgA...
export FOLDER_ID=b1gvmob95yysaplct532
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ${IAM_TOKEN}" \
  "https://vpc.api.cloud.yandex.net/vpc/v1/subnets?folderId=${FOLDER_ID}"
{
 "subnets": [
  {
   "v4CidrBlocks": [
    "10.130.0.0/24"
   ],
   "id": "b0c6n43ftldh30l0vfg2",
   "folderId": "b1gvmob95yysaplct532",
   "createdAt": "2018-09-23T12:15:00Z",
   "name": "default-ru-central1-a",
   "description": "Auto-created default subnet for zone ru-central1-a",
   "networkId": "enpe3m3fagludao8aslg",
   "zoneId": "ru-central1-a"
  },
  ...
 ]
}

    6. Create a file where the body contains your request for VM creation (for example, body.json):

      {
  "folderId": "b1gvmob95yysaplct532",
  "name": "instance-demo-no-pwauth",
  "zoneId": "ru-central1-a",
  "platformId": "standard-v3",
  "resourcesSpec": {
    "memory": "2147483648",
    "cores": "2",
  },
  "metadata": {
    "user-data": "#cloud-config\nusers:\n  - name: user\n    groups: sudo\n    shell: /bin/bash\n    sudo: ['ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL']\n    ssh-authorized-keys:\n      - ssh-ed25519 AAAAB3N... user@example.com"
  },
  "bootDiskSpec": {
    "diskSpec": {
      "size": "2621440000",
      "imageId": "fd8rc75pn12fe3u2dnmb"
    }
  },
  "networkInterfaceSpecs": [
    {
      "subnetId": "b0c6n43ftldh30l0vfg2",
      "primaryV4AddressSpec": {
        "oneToOneNatSpec": {
          "ipVersion": "IPV4"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

      Where:

      • folderId: ID of the folder.

      • name: Name to be assigned to the VM when it's created.

      • zoneId: Availability zone that corresponds to the selected subnet.

      • platformId: The platform.

      • resourceSpec: Resources available to the VM. The values must match the selected platform.

      • metadata: In the metadata, pass the public key for accessing the VM via SSH. For more information, see VM instance metadata.

      • bootDiskSpec: Boot disk settings. Specify the ID of the selected image and disk size. The disk size must not be below the minimum value specified in the image details.

      • networkInterfaceSpecs: Network setting.

      • subnetId: ID of the selected subnet.

      • primaryV4AddressSpec: IP address to be assigned to the VM. To add a public IP to your VM, please specify:

        ```
"primaryV4AddressSpec": {
    "oneToOneNatSpec": {
      "ipVersion": "IPV4"
    }
  }
```

      Read more about the request body format in the API reference.

    7. Create a virtual machine:

      export IAM_TOKEN=CggaATEVAgA...
curl -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${IAM_TOKEN}" \
  -d '@body.json' \
  https://compute.api.cloud.yandex.net/compute/v1/instances

    When a VM is created, it is assigned an IP address and hostname (FQDN). This data can be used for SSH access.

    You can make a public IP address static. For more information, see Making a VM's public IP address static.

    If you don't have Terraform, install it and configure the Yandex Cloud provider.

    1. In the configuration file, describe the parameters of resources that you want to create:

      resource "yandex_compute_instance" "vm-1" {

  name        = "linux-vm"
  platform_id = "standard-v3"
  zone        = "<availability zone>"

  resources {
    cores  = "<number of vCPU cores>"
    memory = "<RAM amount, GB>"
  }

  boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
      image_id = "<image ID>"
    }
  }

  network_interface {
    subnet_id = "${yandex_vpc_subnet.subnet-1.id}"
    nat       = true
  }

  metadata = {
    ssh-keys = "<username>:<SSH key contents>"
  }
}

resource "yandex_vpc_network" "network-1" {
  name = "network1"
}

resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "subnet-1" {
  name           = "subnet1"
  zone           = "<availability zone>"
  v4_cidr_blocks = ["192.168.10.0/24"]
  network_id     = "${yandex_vpc_network.network-1.id}"
}

      Where:

      • yandex_compute_instance: Description of the VM:
        • name: VM name.
        • platform_id: The platform.
        • zone: ID of the availability zone that will host your VM.
        • resources: The number of vCPU cores and the amount of RAM available to the VM. The values must match the selected platform.
        • boot_disk: Boot disk settings. Specify the ID of the selected image. You can get the image ID from the list of public images.
        • network_interface: Network settings. Specify the ID of the selected subnet. To automatically assign a public IP address to the VM, set nat = true.
        • metadata: In the metadata, pass the public key for accessing the VM via SSH. For more information, see VM instance metadata.
      • yandex_vpc_network: Description of the cloud network.
      • yandex_vpc_subnet: Description of subnet your virtual machine will connect to.

      Note

      If you already have suitable resources, such as a cloud network and subnet, you don't need to describe them again. Use their names and IDs in the appropriate parameters.

      For more information on resources that you can create with Terraform, see the provider documentation.

    2. Make sure that the configuration files are correct.

      1. In the command line, go to the directory where you created the configuration file.

      2. Run the check using the command:

        terraform plan

      If the configuration is described correctly, the terminal displays a list of created resources and their parameters. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.

    3. Deploy the cloud resources.

      1. If the configuration doesn't contain any errors, run the command:

        terraform apply

      2. Confirm that you want to create the resources.

      Afterwards, all the necessary resources are created in the specified folder. You can check that the resources are there with the correct settings using the management console.

    When a VM is created, it is assigned an IP address and hostname (FQDN). This data can be used for SSH access.

    You can make a public IP address static. For more information, see Making a VM's public IP address static.

    See also