Making a VM preemptible
You can create a preemptible VM or change the type of an existing one.
Creating a preemptible VM
To create a preemptible VM:
-
In the management console
, select the folder where you want to create your preemptible VM. -
In the list of services, select Compute Cloud.
-
At the top right, click Create virtual machine.
-
Under Basic parameters:
-
Enter a name and description for the preemptible VM. The naming requirements are as follows:
- The name must be from 3 to 63 characters long.
- It may contain lowercase Latin letters, numbers, and hyphens.
- The first character must be a letter and the last character cannot be a hyphen.
Note
The VM name is used to generate an internal FQDN only once: when creating a VM. If the internal FQDN is important to you, choose an appropriate name for the VM at the creation stage.
-
Select the availability zone that will host your preemptible VM.
-
-
Under Image/boot disk selection, select one of the images.
-
(Optional) Under Disks and file storages, select the Disks tab and configure a boot disk:
-
Select the disk type.
-
Specify the required disk size.
-
(Optional) To encrypt a boot disk, under Disks and file storages, configure encryption parameters for the disk:
- Select the Encrypted disk option.
- In the KMS Key field, select the key with which you want to encrypt the disk. To create a new key, click Create.
- In the Service account field, select the service account with the
kms.keys.encrypterDecrypter
role for the specified key. To create a service account, click Create.
The encryption feature in Compute Cloud is currently at the Preview stage. To access it, open the resource creation page and click Request access under Encryption or contact support
.If you deactivate the key used to encrypt a disk or snapshot, access to the data will be suspended until you reactivate the key.
Alert
If you destroy the key or its version used to encrypt a disk or snapshot, access to the data will be irrevocably lost. Learn more in Destroying key versions.
If you want to create a preemptible VM from an existing disk, under Disks and file storages, add a disk.
-
Click Add disk.
-
Enter the disk name.
-
Select the disk type.
-
Specify the required block size.
-
Specify the required disk size.
-
(Optional) To encrypt a disk, configure encryption parameters.
-
(Optional) Enable Delete with the VM if you need to automatically delete the disk when deleting the preemptible VM it is attached to.
-
Select
Disk
as content. -
Click Add.
-
-
(Optional) Under Disks and file storages, select the File storages tab and attach the file storage:
- Click Attach file storage.
- In the window that opens, select the file storage.
- Enter the device name.
- Click Attach file storage.
-
Under Computing resources:
- Choose a platform.
- Specify the guaranteed share and required number of vCPUs, as well as the amount of RAM.
- Enable Preemptible.
- (Optional) Enable a software-accelerated network.
-
Under Network settings:
-
Enter a subnet ID or select a cloud network from the list.
If you do not have a network, click Create network to create one:- In the window that opens, enter the network name and specify the folder to host the network.
- (Optional) To automatically create subnets, select the Create subnets option.
- Click Create.
Each network must have at least one subnet. If there is no subnet, create one by selecting
-
In the Public IP field, choose a method for assigning an IP address:
Auto
: Assign a random IP address from the Yandex Cloud IP pool. With this, you can enable DDoS protection using the option below.List
: Select a public IP address from the list of previously reserved static addresses. For more information, see Converting a dynamic public IP address to static.No address
: Do not assign a public IP address.
-
In the Internal IPv4 address field, select the method for assigning internal addresses:
Auto
orManual
. -
(Optional) Create records for the VM in the DNS zone:
- Expand the DNS settings for internal addresses section and click Add record.
- Specify the zone, FQDN, and TTL for the record. When setting the FQDN, you can select
Detect automatically
for the zone.
You can add multiple records to internal DNS zones. For more information, see Cloud DNS integration with Compute Cloud. - To create another record, click Add record.
-
Select the appropriate security groups.
-
-
(Optional) To back up your VMs automatically using Cloud Backup, under Backups, select how your VM should connect to the service.
For more information, see Connecting Compute Cloud VMs to Cloud Backup.
-
Under Access, specify the information required to access the preemptible VM:
-
(Optional) Select or create a service account. With a service account, you can flexibly configure access rights for your resources.
-
Enter the username in the Login field.
Alert
Do not use the
root
username or other names reserved by the operating system. To perform operations that require superuser permissions, use thesudo
command. -
In the SSH key field, paste the contents of the public key file.
-
If required, grant access to the serial console.
In public Linux images provided by Yandex Cloud, the functionality of connecting over SSH using login and password is disabled by default.
-
-
(Optional) Under Placement, select a preemptible VM placement group.
-
Click Create VM.
The preemptible VM will appear in the list.
If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.
The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name
or --folder-id
parameter.
-
View the description of the CLI command to create a preemptible VM:
yc compute instance create --help
-
Prepare a key pair (public and private keys) for SSH access to the preemptible VM.
-
Select a Linux-based public image from Yandex Cloud Marketplace, e.g., CentOS 7.
To get a list of available images using the YC CLI, run this command:
yc compute image list --folder-id standard-images
Result:
+----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+ | ID | NAME | FAMILY | PRODUCT IDS | STATUS | +----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+ ... | fdvk34al8k5n******** | centos-7-1549279494 | centos-7 | dqni65lfhvv2******** | READY | | fdv7ooobjfl3******** | windows-2016-gvlk-1548913814 | windows-2016-gvlk | dqnnc72gj2is******** | READY | | fdv4f5kv5cvf******** | ubuntu-1604-lts-1549457823 | ubuntu-1604-lts | dqnnb6dc7640******** | READY | ... +----------------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+
-
Create a preemptible VM in the default folder:
yc compute instance create \ --name first-preemptible-instance \ --zone ru-central1-a \ --network-interface subnet-name=default-a,nat-ip-version=ipv4 \ --preemptible \ --create-boot-disk image-folder-id=standard-images,image-family=centos-7 \ --ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Note
If you are using the CLI version 0.92.0 or lower, then in the command, you must also specify the VM platform:
--platform standard-v3
. You can find out the CLI version using theyc version
command and install the latest version using theyc components update
command.Where:
-
--name
: Name of the preemptible VM. The naming requirements are as follows:- The name must be from 3 to 63 characters long.
- It may contain lowercase Latin letters, numbers, and hyphens.
- The first character must be a letter and the last character cannot be a hyphen.
Note
The VM name is used to generate an internal FQDN only once: when creating a VM. If the internal FQDN is important to you, choose an appropriate name for the VM at the creation stage.
-
--zone
: Availability zone that corresponds to the selected subnet. -
subnet-name
: Name of the selected subnet. -
nat-ip-version=ipv4
: Public IP address. To create a preemptible VM without a public IP address, disable this parameter. -
--preemptible
: Select to create a preemptible VM. -
image-family
: Image family, such ascentos-7
. This option allows you to install the latest version of the OS from the specified family. -
--ssh-key
: Public SSH key path. The preemptible VM will automatically create a user namedyc-user
for this key.When creating a VM from a Yandex Cloud Marketplace public image, make sure to provide an SSH key to the VM. By default, SSH access with a username and password is disabled for such images.
-
If you don't have Terraform, install it and configure the Yandex Cloud provider.
-
In the configuration file, describe the parameters of the resources you want to create:
resource "yandex_compute_disk" "boot-disk" { name = "<disk_name>" type = "<disk_type>" zone = "<availability_zone>" size = "<disk_size>" image_id = "<image_ID>" } resource "yandex_compute_instance" "vm-1" { name = "preemptible-vm" allow_stopping_for_update = true platform_id = "standard-v3" zone = "<availability_zone>" resources { cores = <number_of_vCPU_cores> memory = <GB_of_RAM> } boot_disk { disk_id = yandex_compute_disk.boot-disk.id } network_interface { subnet_id = "${yandex_vpc_subnet.subnet-1.id}" nat = true } metadata = { ssh-keys = "<username>:<SSH_key_contents>" } scheduling_policy { preemptible = true } } resource "yandex_vpc_network" "network-1" { name = "network1" } resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "subnet-1" { name = "subnet1" zone = "<availability_zone>" network_id = "${yandex_vpc_network.network-1.id}" }
Where:
-
yandex_compute_disk
: Boot disk description:-
name
: Disk name. -
type
: Disk type. -
zone
: Availability zone to host the disk. -
size
: Disk size in GB. -
image_id
: ID of the image to create the preemptible VM from. You can get the image ID from the list of public images.You can also view image IDs in the management console
when creating a VM or on the image page in Cloud Marketplace, under Product IDs.
-
-
yandex_compute_instance
: Description of the preemptible VM:name
: Name of the preemptible VM.-
allow_stopping_for_update
: Allow a VM instance to stop to make changes. Settrue
if you plan to change the network settings, computing resources, disks, or file storage for your VM using Terraform. The default value isfalse
. platform_id
: Platform.zone
: Availability zone to host the preemptible VM.resources
: Number of vCPU cores and the amount of RAM available to the preemptible VM. The values must match the selected platform.boot_disk
: Boot disk settings. Specify the disk ID.network_interface
: Network settings. Specify the ID of the selected subnet. To automatically assign a public IP address to the preemptible VM, setnat = true
.metadata
: In metadata, provide the public key for accessing the preemptible VM via SSH. For more information, see VM metadata.scheduling_policy
: Scheduling policy. To create a preemptible VM, setpreemptible = true
.
-
yandex_vpc_network
: Description of the cloud network. -
yandex_vpc_subnet
: Description of the subnet to connect your preemptible VM to.
Note
If you already have suitable resources, such as a cloud network and subnet, you do not need to describe them again. Use their names and IDs in the appropriate parameters.
For more information about resources you can create with Terraform, see the provider documentation
. -
-
Create resources:
-
In the terminal, change to the folder where you edited the configuration file.
-
Make sure the configuration file is correct using the command:
terraform validate
If the configuration is correct, the following message is returned:
Success! The configuration is valid.
-
Run the command:
terraform plan
The terminal will display a list of resources with parameters. No changes are made at this step. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.
-
Apply the configuration changes:
terraform apply
-
Confirm the changes: type
yes
in the terminal and press Enter.
All the resources you need will then be created in the specified folder. You can check the new resources and their configuration using the management console
. -
Use the create REST API method for the Instance resource or the InstanceService/Create gRPC API call.
When a VM is created, it is assigned an IP address and hostname (FQDN). This data can be used for SSH access.
You can make a public IP address static. For more information, see Making a VM's public IP address static.
Changing a VM's type
To change the type of a VM, for example, make it preemptible:
- In the management console
, select the folder where the VM is located. - In the list of services, select Compute Cloud.
- In the line with the appropriate VM, click
- In the window that opens, click Stop. The VM status will change to
Stopped
. - In the line with the appropriate VM, click
- Under Computing resources, disable the Preemptible option.
- Click Save changes.
- At the top right, click
- In the window that opens, click Start.
If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.
The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name
or --folder-id
parameter.
-
View a description of the CLI command to stop a VM:
yc compute instance stop --help
-
Get a list of all VMs in the default folder:
yc compute instance list
Result:
+----------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+ | ID | NAME | ZONE ID | STATUS | DESCRIPTION | +----------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+ | fhm0b28lgfp4******** | first-instance | ru-central1-a | RUNNING | my first vm via CLI | | fhm9gk85nj7g******** | second-instance | ru-central1-a | RUNNING | my second vm via CLI | +----------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------+----------------------+
-
Select the
ID
orNAME
of the VM, e.g.,first-instance
. -
Stop the VM:
yc compute instance stop <VM_name_or_ID>
Result:
done (15s)
-
Edit the VM parameters:
yc compute instance update <VM_name_or_ID> \ --preemptible=false
Result:
done (1s) id: fhm0b28lgfp4******** folder_id: b1ghgf288nvg******** ... network_settings: type: STANDARD placement_policy: {}
-
Start the VM again:
yc compute instance start <VM_name_or_ID>
Result:
done (11s) id: fhm0b28lgfp4******** folder_id: b1ghgf288nvg******** ... network_settings: type: STANDARD placement_policy: {}
If you don't have Terraform, install it and configure the Yandex Cloud provider.
-
In the configuration file, find a description of the scheduling policy of the VM you want to make preemptible:
scheduling_policy { preemptible = true }
-
Delete the
scheduling_policy
field set topreemptible = true
:For more information about resources you can create with Terraform, see the provider documentation
. -
Make sure the configuration files are correct.
-
In the command line, go to the directory where you created the configuration file.
-
Run a check using this command:
terraform plan
If the configuration is described correctly, the terminal will display a list of created resources and their parameters. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will point them out.
-
-
Deploy cloud resources.
-
If the configuration does not contain any errors, run this command:
terraform apply
-
Confirm that you want to create the resources.
All the resources you need will then be created in the specified folder. You can check the new resources and their configuration using the management console
. -
Use the update REST API method for the Instance resource or the InstanceService/Update gRPC API call. In the request body, set "preemptible": false
in schedulingPolicy
.
This will affect your bill for the VM usage. More about VM pricing.