Objects

Objects are hosted in buckets and contain user data in the format it was uploaded in.

The object ID is the string key.

Object Storage stores user-defined and system metadata along with the object.

Object Storage lets you store objects in standard and cold storage. For more information, see Storage class.

Object Storage supports the following operations with objects:

• Uploading an object to storage
• Downloading an object from storage.
• Copying an object inside the storage (for example, from one bucket to another).

All other operations that can be performed using tools are combinations of the above.

You can configure the following for a bucket's object:

• CORS.
• Lifecycle.

Object Storage restricts the size of objects and their metadata. For more information, see Quotas and limits).

Keys

The key is the ID of an object in a bucket.

Objects are stored in a flat structure, but GUI-based tools let you use Object Storage as a hierarchical file system. The hierarchical view is possible because keys can be written as paths in a file system (for example, top_level_prefix/subprefix/text_data.txt). In the Yandex.Cloud management console, prefixes are called folders.

A key must:

• Be UTF-8 encoded.
• Be less than 1024 bytes in size.
• Not contain the characters : * ? " < > | !.

The following characters are safe to use in a key: [a-zA-Z0-9], -, _, /, \. Other characters may cause various problems in Object Storage.

Folders

There are no folders in Object Storage, but GUI-based file management clients like CyberDuck and the Object Storage interface in the Yandex.Cloud management console emulate folders. A zero-size object serves as a folder. Its key is included in the keys of other objects as a prefix. For example, an object with the x key and zero size will be a folder in the management console, while an object with the x/y.txt key will be the y.txt object located in the x folder.

Each of the tools manages objects and folders according to their own logic, which is described in their respective documentation.

Object URL

Object URLs can take one of the following forms:

• https://storage.yandexcloud.net/<bucket>/<key>?<parameters>
• https://<bucket>.storage.yandexcloud.net/<key>?<parameters>

Metadata

Metadata is stored with an object as name-value pairs.

Metadata can be system or user-defined.

System metadata

System metadata is defined by Object Storage.

Name	Description
Date	Date and time a request is sent to upload an object to Object Storage.
Content-Length	Object size in bytes.
Last-Modified	Date when the object was created or last modified.
Content-MD5	Object MD5 hash value, base64 encoded.
Cache-Control	The value of the Cache-Control HTTP header passed by the client when saving the object to the bucket. Object Storage later returns this header to clients when responding to a request for an object or its metadata. For example, the Cache-Control: max-age=200 header indicates that the object expires 200 seconds after the client receives it. Read more about this header in RFC 7234.
Expires	The value of the Expires HTTP header passed by the client when saving the object to the bucket. Object Storage later returns this header to clients when responding to a request for an object or its metadata. For example, the Expires: Thu, 15 Apr 2020 20:00:00 GMT header indicates that the object expires at 20:00:00 (GMT) on April 15, 2020. Read more about this header in RFC 7234.

User-defined metadata

When uploading an object to Object Storage, you can pass a set of metadata as a name-value pair along with the object.

In the Amazon S3-compatible HTTP API, metadata is passed as HTTP headers. The header name must start with x-amz-meta-. When an object is requested via the HTTP API, Yandex Object Storage returns metadata in the form of HTTP headers with the same prefix.

Metadata names must conform to the HTTP header naming convention and be in lowercase.